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BioFuels

2012-04-20T21:44:06Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Total Energy Calculations */

==Biomass Farming==
The bio-masses used for the bio-fuels pathways are:
* [[Soybean Farming]]
* Palm FFB Farming
* Rapeseed Farming
* Jatropha Farming
* Camelina Farming

All those farming processes are implemented in GREET. They are using regular US averages fertilizer production and Diesel for non road engine to power the farming tractors and other stationary engines used (pumps, conveyors...)

The products are assumed to be transported dried so there is no need to specify the moisture content of those materials in the transportation processes after those farming processes.

==Fuel Production==

[[File:Biofuel-production.png|thumb|left|600px|General Biofuel Production Process Level Model[[File:biofuels.dia]]]]

Bio-fuels production generates a lot of valuable co-products such as [[Accronyms_and_abbreviations|SBM]], Fuel Gas or Glycerine. In the Excel spreadsheet options are offered on the main page to switch between system level allocation or process level allocation/displacement.

For the process level allocation/displacement method we create two distinct processes Oil Extraction and Transesterification. Each of them have their set of inputs and a definition of the co-products. It is therefore allowed to perform an displacement on the first process and a market allocation on the transeterification process, the co-products treatment method chosen for each process is independent.

For system level allocations, the extraction and transesterification processes are modeled as a single process with two co-products. They are aggregated in a single process to make abstraction of the vegetable oil link between the extraction and trans. processes, thus making them a single system.

===Renewable Diesel II Production from Soybeans(Process Level Model)===

Here are the assumptions used for this pathway :
* Yield for oil extraction : 4.7lb of dry soybeans for 1 lb of oil
* Coproducts for oil extraction : 3.7lb of [[Accronyms_and_abbreviations|SBM]] for 1 lb of oil
* Yield for transesterification : 1.17lb of Vegetable Oil for 1lb or Renewable Gasoline II
* Coproducts for transesterification : 0.059lb of Propane fuel gas per 1 lb of Renewable Gasoline II

The structure of the pathway is exactly the same as shown above, the pathway can be found under : LDV Fuels -> Diesel -> Renewable Diesel II -> From Soy Oil

The results of this pathway have been evaluated against the GREET1_2011 Excel spreadsheet for all available types of allocation both for Extraction and Transesterification, however the displacement options have not been validated yet. The results obtained with GREET.net are showing an error between 0.1% and 1.06% compared to the excel spreadsheet. We are still investigating those errors.

[[File:SoybeanToRenewableDieselII.jpg|600px]]

====Total Energy Calculations====

'''Naming Convention:'''
*OH(FaTr), OH(OlEx), OH(Trest) : Overhead energy ( former process fuel energy ) used for FArming and TRansportation of soybean, OiL EXtraction of vegetable oil, and TRansESTerification process.
*HV(SyBn), HV(SyOl), HV(D2) : Heating value Soybean, Soyoil, Diesel II
*E(CoProd2) : Energy content for coproduct 2 (the transesterification process coproducts)
*y1, y2 yield one and two, respectively extraction and transesterification
*af1, af2 allocation factors one and two, respectively extraction and transesterification

The total energy is calculated in GREET1_2011 as this :

<math>{\color{green}\Bigg(}{\color{magenta}\bigg[}{\color{red}\Big(}{\color{blue}\big[}OH(FaTr) + HV(SyBn){\color{blue}\big] \cdot y_1} + OH(OlEx) - HV(SyOl){\color{red}\Big) \cdot af_1} + OH(OlTr) + HV(SyOl){\color{magenta}\bigg] \cdot y_2} + OH(Trest) - HV(D2) - E(CoProd2){\color{green}\Bigg) \cdot af_2}</math>

For the Oil Extraction process, the overhead is calculated using :

<math>(E_{in} - E(mainOut)) \cdot af_1</math>

The energy content of the co-products are not accounted there. However for the Transesterification process, the overhead is calculated like this :

<math>(E_{in} - E(mainOut) - E(CoProd2)) \cdot af_1</math>

In this one, the energy content of the co-products is accounted, here the co-product is propane fuel

In order to do that in .net we are defining a matrix which details the link between the inputs and the outputs of the process. That way we can trace what is the Basic Resource ( or the share of basic resources) which leads to this product, and when we allocate the energy content of CoProd2 is removed from the basic resources in the total energy vector. In that case Soybean.

====Total Emissions Calculations====

For the emissions there is no specific calculations as we are only talking here about some kind of overhead, we do not have emissions in and out to balance as for the materials in and out. Therefore the emissions calculations using allocations :

<math>{\color{green}\Bigg(}{\color{magenta}\bigg[}{\color{red}\Big(}{\color{blue}\big[}Em(FaTr){\color{blue}\big] \cdot y_1} + Em(OlEx){\color{red}\Big) \cdot af_1} + Em(OlTr){\color{magenta}\bigg] \cdot y_2} + Em(Trest){\color{green}\Bigg) \cdot af_2}</math>

===BioDiesel production from Soybeans(Process Level Model)===

For bio diesel production these are the basic assumptions used :
* Yields and co-products for Oil Extraction don't change
* Yield for transesterification is 1.04lb of Vegetable Oil for 1 lb of Biodiesel
* Co-products for transesterification : 0.214 lb of Glycerine per 1 lb of Biodiesel

Glycerine can be allocated using Mass, Energy or Market value, the Heating Value (low and higher) for Glycerine is 7979 Btus/lb

The structure of the pathway is the same as presented in the [[BioFuels#Fuel_Production|Fuel Production]] chapter, the pathway can be found in GREET.net under : LDV Fuels -> Diesel -> Biodiesel -> From Soy Oil -> Biodiesel Production

When comparing the results from .net against the excel spreadsheet, emissions are very good, arround 0.1% of error, but some energy values are way off. Total energy was 10% off as Natural Gas and Petroleum. However there is a solution for that explained in the Total Energy Calculations below

====Total Energy Calculations====

The total energy is calculated in GREET1_2011 as this :

<math>{\color{green}\Bigg(}{\color{magenta}\bigg[}{\color{red}\Big(}{\color{blue}\big[}OH(FaTr) + HV(SyBn){\color{blue}\big] \cdot y_1} + OH(OlEx) {\color{red}\Big) \cdot af_1} + OH(OlTr) + HV(SyOl){\color{magenta}\bigg] \cdot y_2} + OH(Trest) - HV(BioDiesel){\color{green}\Bigg) \cdot af_2}</math>

Now comparing to the formula used for Soybean to Renewable Diesel II, this equation is missing some terms : The energy content of Vegetable Oil is not removed from the Oil Extraction process ( usually we remove the energy content of the main output ) and the energy content of the co-product is not removed from the transesterification process:

*<math>-HV(SyOl)</math>
*<math>-E(CoProd2)</math>

If those two missing terms are put back into Excel like it is done for the Soybean to Renewable Diesel II, we obtains results which are only 0.38% off for the total energy. This makes us feel that the excel formula might be missing those terms.

=====Total Emissions Calculations====

Nothing spectacular, the emissions are calculated as follow :

<math>{\color{green}\Bigg(}{\color{magenta}\bigg[}{\color{red}\Big(}{\color{blue}\big[}Em(FaTr){\color{blue}\big] \cdot y_1} + Em(OlEx){\color{red}\Big) \cdot af_1} + Em(OlTr){\color{magenta}\bigg] \cdot y_2} + Em(Trest){\color{green}\Bigg) \cdot af_2}</math>

[[File:SoybeanToBiodiesel.jpg|600px]]

Main Page

2012-04-20T19:31:43Z

Ddieffenthaler:

[[Quick start guide]]

[[How to]]

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[[Accronyms_and_abbreviations|Accronyms And Abbreviations]]

Main Page

2012-04-17T14:02:17Z

Ddieffenthaler:

[[Quick start guide]]

[[How to]]

[[Frequently Asked Questions]]

[[User manual]]

[[Advanced Operations]]

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[[Accronyms_and_abbreviations]]

Soybean Farming

2012-04-16T16:51:08Z

Ddieffenthaler:

==Soybean Farming Inputs==

[[File:soybean-farming-tricks.png|thumb|left|400px|Special inputs of soybean farming]]

The inputs for soybean farming includes fossil fuels as energy sources for tractors, stationary engines and boilers and fertilizers. Two inputs are however a little bit more subtle to understand :

* The first one is Soybean. The soybean amount is not really necessary for modeling the overhead associated to the production of Soybeans, but as we decided to respect the principle of matter conservation we have to include it. The input source is selected as "well" which means that there is no upstream associated with that input but we are going to see it though all the downstream pathways. As we trace all the basic resources necessary to produce a fuel, we'll see in the result how much soybeans were necessary to produce a liter of fuel.

* The second input which requires some attention is Nitrogen (N content of above and below ground biomass: grams). This input source is selected as "Well" which means that no upstream is associated to it, and we also added the flag "Internal Product". Internal product means that this input will not be accounted in the I/O Energy/Mass/Volume balance, but that the emissions associated to that input will be accounted. We are setting it as Internal Product so the Nitrogen content below ground biomass will not show up in the downstream, but the emissions associated to will.

==Related Links==

[[BioFuels|Bio fuels production]]

Carbon Sequestration

2012-04-16T16:50:13Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Related */

==What is Carbon Sequestration==

Carbon Sequestration is an industrial process where carbon based emissions are captured by artificial means. Capturing of this emission requires energy. Greet allows the user to model this type of Carbon Sequestration, and incorporates its energy use and carbon emission reduction into its results.

==Configuring Carbon Sequestration==
[[File:Carbon_sequestration.png|400px|thumb|right|Carbon sequestration editor in Greet]]

In Greet Carbon Sequestration must be associated with an input fuel. To add sequestration to a process. Open Greet, press "Well to Pump Setup", open any pathway with a stationary process, expand one of it's stationary processes, right click on an input, and press "Carbon Sequestration". A screen shot is shown to the right to assist you.

After doing so a "Carbon Capture Parameters" window will open up. This is where you can configure the parameters associated with Carbon Sequestration. To do this first check mark the "Enable Carbon Capture" box if it is not already check marked. This will enable the input boxes of the parameters associated with Carbon Sequestration.

The first step is to define what percent of the carbon will be captured. In the screenshot example 40% was inputted. Capturing the carbon emissions requires energy, so the next step is to define where this energy comes from. In the screen shot electricity was chosen, and the "US Mix with Distribution" mix specifies where this electricity comes form. Lastly you must specify how much energy per kilogram it takes to capture these carbon emissions. 952.000 btu was specified in the example. After filling in these necessary parameters simply close the "Carbon Capture Parameters" window and run a recalculation to apply the changes to the computed results. A convenient way to track the changes would be to use the [[Monitor Values]] feature in Greet.

==Related Links==
* [[How_to|How to]]

Carbon Sequestration

2012-04-16T16:50:04Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Internal Links */

File:Soybean-farming-tricks.png

2012-04-16T16:39:56Z

Ddieffenthaler:

2012-04-16T16:22:38Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Biomass Farming */

BioFuels

2012-04-16T16:20:21Z

Ddieffenthaler:

==Biomass Farming==
The bio-masses used for the bio-fuels pathways are:
* Soybean
* Palm FFb
* Rapeseed
* Jatropha
* Camelina

All those farming processes are implemented in GREET. They are using regular US averages fertilizer production and Diesel for non road engine to power the farming tractors and other stationary engines used (pumps, conveyors...)

The products are assumed to be transported dried so there is no need to specify the moisture content of those materials in the transportation processes after those farming processes.

==Bio-fuels production==

[[File:Biofuel-production.png|thumb|left|600px|General Biofuel Production Process Level Model[[File:biofuels.dia]]]]

Bio-fuels production generates a lot of valuable co-products such as [[Accronyms_and_abbreviations|SBM]] or Glycerine. In the Excel spreadsheet options are offered on the main page to switch between system level allocation or process level allocation/displacement. In GREET we choose to treat that as two different sets of processes/pathways.

For the process level allocation/displacement method we create two distinct processes Oil Extraction and Transesterification. Each of them have their set of inputs and a definition of the co-products. It is therefore allowed to perform an displacement on the first process and a market allocation on the transeterification process, the treatment method chosen for each process is independent.

If the model chosen is a system level allocations the extraction and transesterification processes are modeled as a single process with two co-products. They are aggregated in a single process to make abstraction of the vegetable oil link between the extraction and trans. processes, thus making them a single system.

==Biodiesel from Soybeans (Process Level)==

Description of the biodiesel from soybeans pathways using process level allocation/displacement in GREET.

===The model===

===Assumptions===

==Biodiesel from Soybeans (System Level)==

BioFuels

2012-04-16T16:20:00Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Biodiesel from Soybeans */

BioFuels

2012-04-16T16:19:46Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Bio-fuels production */

==Biomass Farming==
The bio-masses used for the bio-fuels pathways are:
* Soybean
* Palm FFb
* Rapeseed
* Jatropha
* Camelina

All those farming processes are implemented in GREET. They are using regular US averages fertilizer production and Diesel for non road engine to power the farming tractors and other stationary engines used (pumps, conveyors...)

The products are assumed to be transported dried so there is no need to specify the moisture content of those materials in the transportation processes after those farming processes.

==Bio-fuels production==

[[File:Biofuel-production.png|thumb|left|600px|General Biofuel Production Process Level Model[[File:biofuels.dia]]]]

Bio-fuels production generates a lot of valuable co-products such as [[Accronyms_and_abbreviations|SBM]] or Glycerine. In the Excel spreadsheet options are offered on the main page to switch between system level allocation or process level allocation/displacement. In GREET we choose to treat that as two different sets of processes/pathways.

For the process level allocation/displacement method we create two distinct processes Oil Extraction and Transesterification. Each of them have their set of inputs and a definition of the co-products. It is therefore allowed to perform an displacement on the first process and a market allocation on the transeterification process, the treatment method chosen for each process is independent.

If the model chosen is a system level allocations the extraction and transesterification processes are modeled as a single process with two co-products. They are aggregated in a single process to make abstraction of the vegetable oil link between the extraction and trans. processes, thus making them a single system.

==Biodiesel from Soybeans==

Description of the biodiesel from soybeans pathways using process level allocation/displacement in GREET.

==The model==

==Assumptions==

2012-04-16T16:08:36Z

Ddieffenthaler:

BioFuels

2012-04-16T16:08:27Z

Ddieffenthaler: /* Bio-fuels production */

File:Biofuel-production.png

2012-04-16T16:06:58Z

Ddieffenthaler:

BioFuels

2012-04-16T16:06:49Z

Ddieffenthaler:

Accronyms and abbreviations

2012-04-16T16:02:31Z

Ddieffenthaler:

* '''SBM''' : Soybean meal is a flour made by grinding the solid residue of soybean oil production. It is widely used as a filler and source of protein in animal diets, including pig, chicken, cattle, horse, sheep, and fish feed.

Accronyms and abbreviations

2012-04-16T16:02:18Z

Ddieffenthaler:

* SBM : Soybean meal is a flour made by grinding the solid residue of soybean oil production. It is widely used as a filler and source of protein in animal diets, including pig, chicken, cattle, horse, sheep, and fish feed.

Accronyms and abbreviations

2012-04-16T16:01:38Z

Ddieffenthaler: Created page with "* SBM : Soybean meal"

* SBM : Soybean meal

Main Page

2012-04-16T16:01:24Z

Ddieffenthaler:

[[Quick start guide]]

[[How to]]

[[Frequently Asked Questions]]

[[User manual]]

[[Advanced Operations]]

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[[Notations]]

[[Accronyms_and_abbreviations]]